Course Description:

Without water, there would be no oceans, no lakes, no rivers, no rain, no snow, no hail, no clouds, no polar ice caps, no Jolt cola, nothing to drink whatsoever, and probably no you, no me, no nothing! Water is everywhere; it defines our planet; it is intricately involved in just about every process on this planet in one way or another. Water rules! This ten days course describes the chemistry of water, water treatment system, and also chemical analysis of water in petroleum industry.

Course Objectives:

By the end of the course the participant will be able to:

1. Understand the basics of different water treatment systems, pretreatment systems, drinking water systems, boiler water treatment systems, demineralization plants, reverse osmosis (feed and product water treatment),
2. Be aware of industrial waste water plants (API, TPI, CPI, & DAF), chlorination of water for drinking and cooling purposes
3. Understand the related lab tests for every water treatment systems
4. Know the significance and standard legislations of all parameters
5. Relate between lab tests and the different water plant

Course Outline:

• Fundamental theoretical principles:
  1. Introduction
  2. Atomic structure
  3. Quantum number
  4. Energy levels
  5. Chemical bonds
  6. Acids, base and salts
  7. Compound, mixture and solutions
  8. Acids and base radicals
  9. The electrolytic dissociation
  10. The law of mass action
  11. Strengths of acids and bases
  12. Complex ions
  13. The ionic product of water
  14. The hydrogen-ion exponent, PH
  15. Buffer solutions
  16. Stander solutions
  17. Normal solutions
  18. Molar solutions
  19. Atomic weight and equivalent weight
  20. Indicators
  21. Electrode potentials
  22. Chemical reaction
  23. First law of thermo-dynamic
  24. Reversible and irreversible processes
  25. Heat content
  26. Heat of reaction
  27. Heat of solution
  28. Heat of neutralization
• Water quality
• Water quality requirements
  1. Drinking Water
  2. Raw Water Sources for Public Supply
• Purification processes
  1. Removal of insoluble particles
  2. Distillation vapor compression distillation
  3. Ion exchange
  4. Reverse osmosis
  5. Electroloiyis
• Desalination
  1. Vapor compression desalination plants
  2. Process description
  3. Operation and control
• Uses of water in petroleum industry
• Unit operation of water treatment:
  1. Coagulation and flocculation

• Coagulation
• Flocculation
• Coagulation and flocculation chemical

2. Solids/liquid separation
3. Removal of solids from water

• Sedimentation
• Hindered Settling
• Filtration

4. Removal of water from sludge

• Thickening
• Gravity Thickening
• Chemical Treatment
• Electroosmosis

5. Precipitation
6. Softening by preoccupation
7. Complete lime softening
8. Silica removal

• Boiler Water Treatment
  1. Deposits
  2. Corrosion
  3. External Treatment

• Suspended Solids
• Hardness
• Alkalinity
• Silica
• Total Dissolved Solids
• Organic Matte
• Dissolved Gases

1. Condensate Returns
2. Internal Treatment
3. Coagulation Program

• Waste water treatment
  1. Introduction
  2. Physical methods
  3. Chemical methods
  4. Biological methods
  5. General conclusions on wastewater treatment
  6. Effectiveness of aqueous waste removal