Course Objectives:

To improve understanding of heating and desalting of crude distillations.

Course Outline:

• Introduction to Crude Distillation (purpose / phases / heating & desalting equipment).
• Heating and Desalting.

1. Preheating and desalting operations.
2. Process variables and factors.
3. Heating desalted crude.

• Crude Distillation.

1. Pre-separation equipment operation.
2. Atmospheric tower operation (Vapor flow – Liquid flow).
3. Equipment associated with atmospheric towers.
4. Vacuum tower operation.

• Process Variables (pressure, temperature, stripping steam flow, level).

1. Vacuum tower process variables.

• Maintaining Process Specifications.

1. Fractions and boiling points.
2. Adjusting processes to maintain specs.

• Abnormal Conditions (Flooding, Dry trays, Upset trays).
• Double-Ended Composition Control.

1. Interaction between loops.
2. Measures of interaction.
3. Application of interaction analysis to fractionators.
4. Use of materials and energy balance concepts.

• Complex Towers.

1. Single side draws.
2. Intermediate reboilers.
3. Intermediate reflux.
4. Multiple side draws.

Who Can Benefit?

All refining staff