Course Description

This Training course of Oil and Gas sampling and product quality-Fundamental describes the various sampling methods and apparatus, for crude oil, Gases, Oily Water, Condensate, and Chemicals.

This training course covers the equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of crude oils, Gases, Oily Water, Condensate, and Chemicals, such as specified in ASTM, GPA, IP, UOP Specifications and comparable international standards.

This course will provide guidance on safety procedures such as wearing correct PPE, handling, labeling and storing hazardous material and equipment in accordance with MSDS, manufacturer instructions, Permit to Work (PTW) procedures for safe sampling of Oil, Oily Water, Condensate, Gas and Chemicals. Refer to the test method for any specific sampling and handling requirements up to the point of testing.

Course Objectives:

By the end of this Course the participant will be able to:

1. Understand the sampling requirements of the facility.
2. Perform safety inspections of sample points and equipment before use.
3. Follow safety procedures such as wearing correct PPE, handling, labeling and storing hazardous material and equipment in accordance with MSDS, manufacturer instructions, PTW procedures for safe sampling of Oil, Oily Water, Condensate, Gas and Chemicals.
4. Identify sampling hazards and mitigate them.
5. Explain the different types of sampling containers and their uses.- Follow the flow path of different sample point arrangements.
6. Manage the risk of static electricity when sampling.
7. Prepare the site and sampling points for sampling.
8. Obtain representative samples (Oil/Water/Gas/Condensate/Liquid/Chemicals (injection chemicals, glycol, and methanol)/Lubricant Oils) for analysis.
9. Take atmospheric gas and liquid samples safely.
10. Describe the methods of obtaining pressurized gas and liquid samples using different sample cylinder types.
11. Transport samples without losing their integrity.
12. Clean, decontaminate and return/store sampling equipment

Course Outlines:

• Introduction to Oil and Gas sampling techniques
  1. Brief History of Crude Oil Exploitation and Use
  2. Strategic Importance of Crude Oil and Petroleum Gases
• Manual Sampling
  1. Automatic Sampling
  2. Sampling for Vapor Pressure Determination
  3. Mixing and Handling of Samples
  4. Sample Chain of Custody
  5. Sample Archive    
• Inspection Assays and quality measuring instruments (QMI)

1. API Gravity and Density
2. Sulfur Content
3. Water and Sediment
4. Salt Content
5. Fluidity—Pour Point and Viscosity
6. Vapor Pressure
7. Total Acid Number
8. Carbon Residue
9. Characterization Factor
10. Trace Elements
11. Nitrogen Content
12. Organic Halides
13. Asphaltenes
14. Boiling Point Distribution

• Personal Protective Equipment PPE

1. The Requirement for PPE.
2. The Hazard Assessment.
3. Selecting PPE.
4. Training Employees in the Proper Use of PPE.
5. Eye and Face Protection.
6. Head Protection.
7. Foot and Leg Protection.
8. Hand and Arm Protection.
9. Body Protection.
10. Hearing Protection.
11. Personal Fall Protection Systems

• Permit to Work (PTW) procedures

1. Purpose
2. Context and Scope
3. Responsibilities
4. When is a Permit to Work Required
5. System Rules
6. Areas of Responsibility for issuing/authorizing permits
7. Lock out / Tag out (LOTO) Procedure
8. Permit to work procedures compliance

• Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products ASTM D4057
• Terminology
• Significance and Use
• Health and Safety Precautions

1. Sample Handling
2. Sample Point Safety
3. Static Electricity Hazards
4. Pipeline/Line Sampling
5. General Health Hazards and Precautions

• Apparatus

1. General Sample Container Design Considerations
2. Glass Bottles
3. Cans
4. Plastic Bottles
5. Container Closures
6. Container Cleanliness
7. Container Compatibility for Sample Mixing
8. Low Pressure Variable Volume Containers
9. High Pressure Spot Sampling Systems and Cylinders

• Sampling Devices/Equipment and Accessories

1. Cage Sampler
2. Weighted Bottle
3. Weighted Beaker
4. Bottom Water   and   Remaining   On-Board/On-Board Quantity (ROB/OBQ) Sampler/Scraper
5. Tank Tap Sampling
6. Pipeline Manual Tap Sample Probe
7. Pipeline Sampler and Probe Location
8. Zone Sampler (Core Sampler)
9. Dipper/Ladle Sampler
10. Auger Sampler
11. Pail and Scoop Sampler

• Manual Sampling Concepts and Objective

1. Objective of   Manual   Sampling
2. Training
3. Physical and Chemical Property Tests

• Sampling Using Closed and Restricted Equipment

1. Vapor Control   Valves   (VCVs)
2. Restricted Sampling   Equipment
3. Closed Sampling  Equipment

• Sampler Types for Closed and Restricted Sampling

1. Running and All-Levels Samplers
2. Spot Sampler
3. Dead Bottom Sampler
4. Zone Sampler

• Closed and Restricted Sample Integrity

1. Closed and Restricted Sampling Equipment Cleanliness
2. Sample Transfer

• Manual Pipeline Sampling

1. Pipeline Sampling  of  High  Vapor  Pressure  Liquids
2. Rail Tank  Cars
3. Road Vehicle  Tanks
4. Dispenser (Nozzle) Sampling
5. Dipper/Ladle Sampling

• Sampling Package Lots (Cans, Drums, Barrels, or Boxes)

1. Composite sample
2. Boring Sampling 
3. Grab Sampling
4. Spot Sampling of Liquids Using Cylinders
5. Sampling Related Purging and Venting
6. Sample Homogeneity
7. Slip Tubes and Fixed Sample Lines
8. Line Sampling
9. Sample Probe
10. Circulating for Line Sampling

• Sampling into Fixed Volume Sample Cylinders

1. General
2. Selection and Leak Testing of the Fixed Volume Sample Cylinder

• Sampling into Single Floating Piston Cylinders (FPCs)

1. General
2. Selection and  Leak  Testing  of  the  Single  Floating Piston  Cylinder  (FPC)
3. Pre-Charging the   Single   Floating   Piston   Cylinder (FPC)
4. Purging the Sample Lines and Single Floating Piston Cylinder (FPC)
5. Filling the Single Floating Piston Cylinder (FPC)
6. Sampling into Double-Piston (Variable Volume) Cylinders
7. Pre-Charging the Double Piston Cylinder (DPC)
8. Purging the  Sample  Lines  and  the  Double  Piston Cylinder (DPC)
9. Filling the Double Piston Cylinder (DPC)

• Special Instructions for Specific Products

1. Crude Oil
2. Obtaining Crude Oil Samples
3. Handling of Crude Oil Samples
4. Crude Oil Mixing and Homogeneity

• Quality Assurance
• Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process Streams ASTM D3370

1. Terminology
2. Summary of Practices
3. Significance and Use
4. Interferences
5. Materials and Apparatus
6. Reagents

• Standard Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals ASTM E300

1. Scope
2. Terminology
3. Summary of Practice
4. Significance and Use
5. Safety Precautions

• Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method

1. Purging Sample Transfer Line
2. Purging the Sample Container
3. Transfer of Sample
4. Sample Outage (Ullage)
5. Checking for Leaks

• Techniques for natural gas spot sampling

1. Introduction
2. Gas sampling
3. Sampling components
4. Valves
5. Filters
6. Pipe-work
7. Heating Elements
8. Probes
9. Sample Cylinders
10. Location and product
11. Spot sampling
12. Transportation
13. Safety considerations